The Center for Epidemiological Studies-Depression (CES-D) measure is a 20-item measure that asks patients to rate how often over the past week they experienced symptoms associated with depression, such as restless sleep, poor appetite, or feeling lonely. This measure is often used specifically with medically ill patients, but was developed for the general population.
The CES-D scale is a brief, self-administered scale designed to measure symptoms associated with depression experienced in the past week. The items of the scale are symptoms associated with depression that have been used in previously validated, longer scales.
Hann, D., Winter, K., & Jacobsen, P. (1999). Measurement of depressive symptoms in cancer patients: Evaluation of the Center for Epidemiological Studies Depression Scale (CES-D). Journal of Psychosomatic Research, 46(5), 437-443. https://doi.org/10.1016/s0022-3999(99)00004-5
Construct validity was measured by comparing the scores of cancer patients and healthy comparisons on the CES-D. As expected, cancer patients demonstrated significantly higher depressive scores. Construct validity was also determined by comparing the CES-D to other common measures of depressive symptoms, all of which were moderately or significantly correlated with the CES-D. Additional information is available in Table 3 of the source article.
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